Example |
| Circular reasoning: |
| A campaign will not be effective, because no one will cooperate |
| Appeal to power: |
| I hope you will never be in those circumstances |
| Appeal to consequences: |
| When you succeed, we will all pay for the consequences |
| Appeal to figurative arguments: |
| It is pointless to act, because somewhere else things are being worse |
| Appeal to unknown arguments: |
| Of course it is allowed what people do with animals, because man is smarter |
| Pars pro toto: |
| I can give you examples of situations where animals were killed but many human lives were saved |
| Getting personal: |
| You say you are pro animals, but you take advantage of them too |
| Appeal to authority: |
| I study biology and I know why animal experimentation is necessary |
| Appeal to ignorance: |
| Animals don't mind being used, because you can't prove they do |
| Appeal to supposed relation: |
| We have always used animals and that was very successful |
| Appeal to supposed common sense: |
| Most people agree with the use of animals |
| Appeal to compassion: |
| People lose their job when animals are no longer allowed to be used |
| Evasion of evidence: |
| Every sane human being knows there is nothing wrong in using animals |
| Distortion of arguments: |
| Granting rights to animals means treating them the same as humans |
This article is part of a series on falsities and demagogy |
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Some arguments used in debate on the topics in the title simply are invalid. That goes for pro and contra. We selected a few of the most rigid arguments from different situations and placed an appropriate counterargument. Because a more clear and honest way of reasoning helps improve the circumstances animals live in. Mail us if you encounter other or new (counter)-arguments. Apart from the specific issues there are the types of arguments in general. Fallacies are deliberately or accidentally used in a debate. So be aware of the principles and the integrity of an opponent. Click here for tips on how to react to animal-unfriendly behavior of others. |
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Non-valid arguments (deceptive arguments) for different groups: |