Example |
Circular reasoning: |
A campaign will not be effective, because no one will cooperate |
Appeal to power: |
I hope you will never be in those circumstances |
Appeal to consequences: |
When you succeed, we will all pay for the consequences |
Appeal to figurative arguments: |
It is pointless to act, because somewhere else things are being worse |
Appeal to unknown arguments: |
Of course it is allowed what people do with animals, because man is smarter |
Pars pro toto: |
I can give you examples of situations where animals were killed but many human lives were saved |
Getting personal: |
You say you are pro animals, but you take advantage of them too |
Appeal to authority: |
I study biology and I know why animal experimentation is necessary |
Appeal to ignorance: |
Animals don't mind being used, because you can't prove they do |
Appeal to supposed relation: |
We have always used animals and that was very successful |
Appeal to supposed common sense: |
Most people agree with the use of animals |
Appeal to compassion: |
People lose their job when animals are no longer allowed to be used |
Evasion of evidence: |
Every sane human being knows there is nothing wrong in using animals |
Distortion of arguments: |
Granting rights to animals means treating them the same as humans |
This article is part of a series on falsities and demagogy |
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Some arguments used in debate on the topics in the title simply are invalid. That goes for pro and contra. We selected a few of the most rigid arguments from different situations and placed an appropriate counterargument. Because a more clear and honest way of reasoning helps improve the circumstances animals live in. Mail us if you encounter other or new (counter)-arguments. Apart from the specific issues there are the types of arguments in general. Fallacies are deliberately or accidentally used in a debate. So be aware of the principles and the integrity of an opponent. Click here for tips on how to react to animal-unfriendly behavior of others. |
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Non-valid arguments (deceptive arguments) for different groups: |